Gait in Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common movement disorders,
affecting approximately 1 million Americans (estimates range between 4
and 6.5 million people worldwide) and about 1% of older adults. In
the US alone, 60,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. PD is a
chronic and progressive neurological disorder that results in tremor,
rigidity, slowness, and postural instability. A disturbed gait is a
common, debilitating symptom; patients with severe gait disturbances
are prone to falls and may lose their functional independence.
This database contains measures of gait from 93 patients with
idiopathic PD (mean age: 66.3 years; 63% men), and 73 healthy controls
(mean age: 66.3 years; 55% men). The database includes the vertical
ground reaction force records of subjects as they walked at their
usual, self-selected pace for approximately 2 minutes on level ground.
Underneath each foot were 8 sensors
(Ultraflex Computer
Dyno Graphy, Infotronic Inc.) that measure force (in Newtons) as a
function of time. The output of each of these 16 sensors has been
digitized and recorded at 100 samples per second, and the records also
include two signals that reflect the sum of the 8 sensor outputs for
each foot. For details about the format of the data, please
see this note.
With this information, one can investigate the force record as a
function of time and location, derive measures that reflect the
center-of-pressure as a function of time, and determine timing
measures (e.g., stride time, swing time) for each foot as functions
of time. Thus, one can study the stride-to-stride dynamics and the
variability of these time series.
This database also includes demographic information, measures of
disease severity (i.e., using the Hoehn & Yahr staging and/or the
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) and other related measures
(available in
HTML or xls
spreadsheet format).
A subset of the database includes measures recorded as subjects
performed a second task (serial 7 subtractions) while walking, as in
the figure above, which shows excerpts of swing time series from a
patient with PD (lower panels) and a control subject (upper panels),
under usual walking conditions (at left) and when performing serial 7
subtractions (at right). Under usual walking conditions, variability
is larger in the patient with PD (Coefficient of Variation =
2.7%), compared to the control subject (CV = 1.3%). Variability
increases during dual tasking in the subject with PD (CV = 6.5%), but
not in the control subject (CV = 1.2%). From Yogev et al. (reference
[4] below).
References
-
Frenkel-Toledo S, Giladi N, Peretz C, Herman T, Gruendlinger L, Hausdorff JM.
Effect
of gait speed on gait rhythmicity in Parkinson's disease: variability of
stride time and swing time respond differently.
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2005: 2:23.
-
Frenkel-Toledo, S, Giladi N, Peretz C, Herman T, Gruendlinger L, Hausdorff JM.
Treadmill walking as a pacemaker to improve gait rhythm and
stability in Parkinson's disease.
Movement Disorders 2005; 20(9):1109-1114.
-
Hausdorff JM, Lowenthal J, Herman T, Gruendlinger L, Peretz C, Giladi N.
Rhythmic auditory stimulation modulates gait variability in
Parkinson's disease
Eur J Neuroscience 2007; 26: 2369-2375.
-
Yogev G, Giladi N, Peretz C, Springer S, Simon ES, Hausdorff JM.
Dual tasking, gait rhythmicity, and Parkinson's disease: Which
aspects of gait are attention demanding?
Eur J Neuroscience 2005; 22:1248-1256.
For more information about PD,
see Parkinson's Disease: Hope Through Research at the
NIH NINDS web site,
and Living With Parkinson's at the web site of the
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research.
This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes
of Health, National Parkinson Foundation, and the Parkinson's
Disease Foundation and was collected at the Laboratory for Gait
& Neurodynamics, Movement Disorders Unit of the Tel-Aviv Sourasky
Medical Center. For more information, please contact Dr. Jeffrey
M. Hausdorff
(jhausdor@tasmc.health.gov.il
or jhausdor@bidmc.harvard.edu).
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